CHAPTER III

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Design

This research, the researcher used quasi-experimental design to find out the effectivenes of using contextual guessing techniques in improving the students' reading. The research design was presented as follow:

Control Group Pre-Test and Post-Test

Class	Pre-test	Treatment	Post-test
E	O1	X	O2
C	O1	X	O2

Notation:     E          = Experimental class

                    C         = Controlled class

                    O₁        = Pre-test

                    O₂        = Post- test

                    X        = Treatment

(Gay, 1981)

B.     Variables of the Research

This research had two variables. They were independent and dependent variable; independent variable wasthe use of contextual guessing technique in teaching reading, and dependent variable was the students’ reading comprehension.

C.    Population and Sample

1.      Population

Arikunto (2006) in another case stated that population is the subject of research. If some one wants to examine all the elements that exist with in the study area, the research will study population or population studies or censuses.

The population of this research was taken from the second grade of MTsN. Bangkala, academic year 2012-2013. It consist of three class, namely class VIIIA-VIIIC that consisted of 65 students.

2.      Sample

Sample is the representative of the population. Sugiyono (2011) had stated that, “sample is the part of the number and characteristic that is possessed by the population.”

Regarding the statement, above the researcher used purposive sampling technique in which the students of VIIIA classes and VIIIB classes were taken as samples of this research. The VIIIA class was the experimental class and VIIIB class was the controlled class. Therefore, the total number of samples consisted of 40 students. 

D.    Time and location

This research was conducted on September, 2012. It take the place at the class of the second class, at a building of MTsN Bangkala.

E.     Instrument of the Research

The instrument of this research was the test of reading . The tests consisted of pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was used to find out the Students’ Reading Comprehension and post-test was used to know whether there was an improvement of the Students’ Reading Comprehension after being treatment using contextual guessing technique.

F.     Procedures of Collecting Data

Technique of collecting data in this research are as follow:

1.      Pre-test

The researcher gave the students’ pre-test in the first meeting. It consists of  explanation about everything which related to the material. It ran for 80 minutes.

2.      Treatment

After the pre-test, the researcher taught the students of eight meetings. In each meeting the researcher used the using contextual guessing technique. Teaching and learning processes were:

Day 1  :

·         The researcher entered the class and introduced the material to the class.

·         The researcher explained about how to use contextual guessing technique.

Day 2:

·         The researcher explained the benefits of the contextual guessing technique.

·         The researchers asked the students to use contextual guessing technique in the learning process.

Day 3  :

·         The researcher explained to the students how to contextual guessing the form of  Narrative text.

Day 4  :

·         The researcher explained to the students how to contextual guessing the form of Recount text.

Day 5  :

·         The researcher explained to the students how to contextual guessing the form of Report text.

Day 6  :

·         The researcher explained to the students how to contextual guessing the form of identification and description

Day 7  :

·         The researcher gave a text to the students and the students guess which identification and descriptive.

Day 8  :

·         The researchers gave a text, explained to the students how to guess the main idea, the information in the text.

3.      Post-test

In post-test, researcher gave  treatment it aimed of finding out weather there were any significantly differences on the students knowledge after learning through contextual guessing technique. The procedures of  the post test was the same as in the pre-test.

G.    Technique of Analyzing Data

The data collected was analyzed in the t-test following these.

1.      Scoring the students’ correct answer of pre-test and post-test.

( Rosmalasari, 2004)

2.      Classifying the students’ scores using the following scales:

Table 5.

Scale	Classification
95 – 100	Excellent
85 – 94	Very Good
75 – 84	Good
65 – 74	Fairly Good
55 – 64	Fair
45 – 54	Poor
0 – 44	Very Poor

3.      Calculating the collecting data from the students’ in answer the test, the researcher will use formula to get mean score of the students as follow:

Where:        X       = Mean score

                    ∑X   = The sum of all scores

                    N      = The total numbers of sample

(Gay, 1981)

4.      Finding standard deviation of the students’ pre-test and post-test by applying formula below:

Where:

SD       = Standard deviation

    = Total row score

5.      To find out whether the differences between pre-test and post-test value of the test, writer this used following formula:

Note:

            t     =    Test of significance

            ₁    =   Mean score of experimental group

            ₂    =   Mean score of control group

            SS₁  =   Sum square of experimental group

            SS₂  =   Sum square of control group 

            n₁     =   Number of students of experimental group

            n₂    =   Number of students of control group 

Where:
                               
                            

         (Gay, 1980)

The percentage of the students’ score:

Where:

P        =   %

                               P       = Percentage

              F       = Frequency

              N       = the total number of students

(Rasfati, 2010)